On the incorporation of curvature effects into the isogeometric analysis of fibre‐reinforced solids

In the context of engineering on micro- and nanoscale, size-dependency is an important characteristic material behaviour. order to avoid complex experiments predict size effects in simulations instead, classic continuum approaches are extended by introduction a length scale, e.g. through consideration gradient contributions. For particular case fibre-reinforced materials, such gradient-enhanced approach can be achieved introducing fibre curvature as additional kinematic quantity. This implies that basis functions with global continuity higher than C0 required for finite element-based which accounts these effects. The present contribution shows isogeometric element method provide framework simulation respective higher-gradient continua.